After Canada’s recent decision not to list the American eel under the Species at Risk Act (SARA), members of some First Nations communities are expressing concerns. Charles Doucette, the fisheries director at Potlotek First Nation on Cape Breton Island, voiced disappointment, noting the lack of action to support the eels. Recalling the past abundance of eels in the Bras d’Or Lakes, Doucette highlighted the significant decline in eel populations, especially in southern Cape Breton. Although the American eel was classified as “threatened” in 2012, the federal government delayed making a decision on listing it under SARA for 13 years.
The government’s alternative approach involves managing eel populations under the Fisheries Act, a move welcomed by commercial elver fishers in Atlantic Canada. Concerns about declining eel populations are evident in Nova Scotia, with conflicting views among commercial harvesters, environmentalists, treaty fishers, and Mi’kmaw knowledge keepers. In regions like Kitigan Zibi Anishinābeg, situated near Ottawa, the local eel population in the Ottawa River has drastically decreased over the years, impacting cultural and traditional practices.
Kristi Leora Gansworth, representing Kitigan Zibi Anishinābeg, highlighted the significant cultural ties to eels within her community. She emphasized the historical reliance on eels for various purposes and lamented the sharp decline in their numbers due to habitat loss and human activities. The decline in eel populations has led to a loss of cultural identity and traditional practices for many Indigenous communities.
Efforts to protect eels have led to collaborations between different Indigenous nations, such as the formation of the Eel’s Back network. Inspired by the late Elder William Commanda, this network aims to safeguard eels while integrating Indigenous knowledge and self-governance. Concerns remain about the impact of non-listing the eel under SARA, with calls for sustainable management practices and international cooperation to address the broader challenges facing eel populations.
Despite the federal government’s decision, ongoing discussions and advocacy efforts are focused on preserving eel populations and promoting sustainable fishing practices. With eel conservation efforts spanning across various communities and regions, the need for coordinated action to address habitat loss and population decline remains a top priority. International collaboration and a holistic approach are seen as essential in safeguarding the future of eel populations.
